BROKEN HILL MINE STATION

Nkhwazi Volume 12, April 1964

The Broken Hill Mine Police Station opened in December, 1957, and Inspector Vaughan-Johnson was Officer in Charge with Inspector Goodfellow as his deputy.

These officers are well known to many in the Force and Chief Inspector Goodfellow is now at Mobile Unit while Robin Vaughan-Johnson has now left the Force, holding the rank of Chief Inspector at the time of his departure.

Robin Vaughan-Johnson was responsible for the excellent layout of the station gardens which, sad to say, have now, due to the withdrawal of trained staff and lack of funds, almost returned to the wild.

Stan Hanson took over as officer in Charge in June, 1959, and remained at the station until January, 1962, when he left on leave. Jerry Waldren took over at that time but soon left for cloak and dagger work. Roy Gordon came up from Pemba and took over the chair until March, 1963, when Len Brennan arrived on the scene. Len departed for Raylton in May, 1963, and Mike Hugh-Jones took over and at present remains in the chair of office.

The station has not been the spawning ground of the higher ranks of the Force but the short life of the Station is felt to be the main reason for this, no doubt time would tell.

The mine Station has not been the centre of any great episodes of valour or drama in the history of the Force to date but has occupied its position astride the Great North Road carrying out the routine duties of a police station, at times bedecked with a gay head-dress, at others grey and shorn ofcolour.

The character of a Station can be felt and the Mine Station, Broken Hill reflects the character of policeman throughout the world, sturdy and uncomplaining, duty being done no matter what, no great events to report but the thread of law being woven through the Territory to aid and protect the inhabitants.

It is felt that the Broken Hill Mine Station continues to retain the personalities of its officers in charge, not to mention the many subordinate and other ranks who have served there. It can only be hoped that the examples set by these officers will be an example to officers to come and the Station will continue to serve the public well.

Clayton Park - Jameson Avenue, Kabwe

Dick Heystek made the elephant. John came across some of his animal sculptures on a farm in the Gutu district in Zimbabwe (1978) and more while hitch hiking through Naboomspruit while on my way from Grahamstown to Kabwe (EARLY 70'S) (John Brogan from facebook) Photos courtesy of Gabriel Konayuma.

 BROKEN HILL POLICE CRICKET CLUB

Nkhwazi Volume 11 No.3 December, 1963

Just over a year ago a meeting was held in the Broken Hill Police Club with the intention of forming a cricket section of the club. Sufficient interest was shown to go ahead with the idea and the first game was played on 26th August, 1962. The captain of the side was Mike Russell, with Trevor Soper as Secretary/Treasurer and Pete Olpin as the third committee member. It was entirely due to Pete’s efforts that the section was started and it will give him satisfaction, on reading these notes, to see that the section has grown considerably this year.

The side was a mixture of regular, reserve and guest players and had no great playing ability. However, most people were very keen and there was a good spirit in the side, which was just as well, for out of eleven fixtures played last season we lost all but one! What we lacked in ability on the field, we more than compensated for off the field and the team gained a good name locally for its sportsmanship and alcsmanship.

We were the local orphans and depended entirely on the kindness of the other clubs for the use of their grounds to play “ home ” fixtures. The Railway Club was especially good in this respect, giving us the use of their practice nets two nights a week.

During the close season we were elected to the local cricket league. We also gained a home ground at the Rural District Boma, a lovely little ground, reminiscent of an English country green pitch. The field itself is rather agricultural and thewicket is laterite. We have also made ourselves a concrete wicket at the side of Hawkins Camp parade ground, and our thanks for this are due to Albert van Rooyen of the Raylton Reserve, for giving up his spare time to lay it.

This year we have over twenty playing members and it is especially gratifying to see so many Regulars turning out. The team is stronger than last year’s side, but we are still hoping to see the whole side come on form at once. Our greater strength is shown by the fact that we do not now have to bat twice in an afternoon to give the opposing bowlers some practice!

This season’s committee consists of Will Morris, captain, Dave McLaren, vice-captain and Len Brennan, secretary/treasurer. We were unfortunatein losing Tony Cremer, one of our guest players, early on in the season and none of our last year’s committee are now on our playing strength.

In a pre-league series of friendly games we won three of the seven games played, with one drawn and the remainder lost. The league has been in progress for three weeks now and our record to date is one game drawn and two lost.

We have had four players selected for the Town XI: Morris, McLaren, Cremer and Tim Goodman. Tim also played for the Lusaka- Broken Hill Combined XI, as did Dave McLaren. Shortly after taking eight Lusaka wickets for fifty runs in an inter-town game, Tim unfortunately broke his right hand and we have been without him since. Had we had him for our league games, we would no doubt have had better results.

Our standing locally is as high as last season’s, if not higher, and one of our friendly games was described in the local press as “ cricket at its best ”. Despite this, we are still awaiting the gentlemen from eighty-six miles down the Great North Road to accept our invitation to “ Come up and see us some time.” We can promise you a good day’s cricket plus a good night’s clean fun, so how about it ?

Finally, our thanks must go to John Tedford, our groundsman, for his work on the field. At least he’ll have a trade to go home to!

W. Morris

Kabwe Golf Court

CHINGOLA





Kitwe Receives Municipal Status (1954)

LUNDAZI

WHY LUNDAZI IS CALLED “BOX ONE KANELE”

Lundazi is a town in the Eastern Province of Zambia. It has a popular name “Box One Kanele” which people use when referring to Lundazi.

This name originates from the colonial era when Lundazi had  a British Colonel, Errol Button, who held the position of District Commissioner.

For some time, the Colonel had the only post box in Lundazi and everyone else received their mail though the Colonel’s postal address. It was “P.O Box 1, C/O Colonel, Lundazi”. However the locals failed to pronounce the word “Colonel” and instead ended up saying “Kanele”.

So over the years the address for Lundazi was referred to as “P.O. Box 1, Kanele” and the name has stuck.

Today there is even a school in Lundazi named Kanele Primary School and the Post Office Box for the Lundazi District Commissioner is Box 1 Kanele.

The colonel’s old house were the old post box was situated now belongs to the government and was converted into a boarding house for civil servants.

(Picture Credit: Julius Chilala)

LUSAKA

The 1948 Rhodesian Journal

The growth of Lusaka and the expansion of its industries and activities are an indication of the progress of the whole territory.

Situated at the junction of the Great East Road and the Great North Road, centrally placed on the railway line between the Copperbelt and Livingstone, and key point on the trunk air routes between the northern and southern African countries.

GREATER LUSAKA

As the result of an Order made by the Government of the Republic of Zambia under the Local Government Act No. 69 of 1965, “Greater Lusaka” came into existence on July 1st, 1970. The area controlled by the City Council of Lusaka was extended from 36 square miles to 139 square miles which included Roma, Kabulonga and Chelston Townships, together with the adjacent peri-urban area incorporating the Private Townships of Barlaston and Lilanda, as well as parts of the area previously controlled by the Rufunsa Rural Council.

This new and important development is in keeping with the general growth and expansion taking place in Zambia. As the nation progresses changes are inevitable. “Greater Lusaka” falls within this concept for it is the binding together of smaller units into one area which, in time, should be to the greater benefit of all concerned. The City Council of Lusaka is confident that through working together all the residents of the new “Greater Lusaka” will ensure the continued development of our capital city.

This booklet is intended as a guide to the Council’s responsibilities and its intentions as to how these will be applied to the new areas now under its control. Naturally new or improved services and facilities cannot be made available overnight but I would take this opportunity of assuring the residents of these areas that they will not be regarded as “poor relations” and that their interests will be considered in line with those of “Greater Lusaka” as one entity for the future benefit and prosperity of all.

Download file to read the booklet

CITY OF LUSAKA - FACTS (1970)

 HOW THE CITY IS GOVERNED

Lusaka City Council consists of 24 elected Councillors, including the Mayor and the Deputy Mayor, and one Government nominated member, the Lusaka District Secretary, who sits on the Council by virtue of his office.

The Mayor and the Deputy Mayor are elected by members of the Council at their Annual Meeting held in September. They are elected by secret ballot by the members. The Mayor and the Deputy Mayor serve for one year at a time but may offer themselves for re-election. Councillors serve for three years and may also offer themselves for re-election provided the sponsoring political party nominates them in the first instance.

The Mayor is the leader of the Council and presides at the full Council Meeting which sits on the last Thursday of each month. Councillors are the policy makers of the Council. They debate various matters in committee as delegated by the full Council and report back committee decisions to the full Council for approval.

The Council consists of six administrative departments each under the control of a Chief Officer. Among the Chief Officers is the Town Clerk who is the Chief Executive and Administrative Officer of the Council. He is responsible for co-ordinating the whole work of the Council.

The other Chief Officers are the City Treasurer. City Engineer. Medical Officer of Health. Director of Housing and Amenities and the Chief Fire Officer.

The Chief Officers take part in Committee Meetings where they give administrative, technical and professional advice to Committee Members who consist of Councillors. They also attend the full Council Meeting in their capacity as heads of departments, but do not take part in the Council Chamber debates.

LOCALITY

The City of Lusaka lies 15“ south of the Equator. Its altitude is 4,200 feet above sea level. The annual average temperatures range from 50* F. in winter to 88" F. in summer. The four seasons are winter (May-August): summer (September-February); spring (March-April); autumn (April-May). The climate is. therefore, very pleasant.

Lusaka is the Capital City of the Republic of Zambia. It is centrally situated on the Cape to Cairo trunk road and railway system. It lies at the junction of the Great North Road, leading from the south to the north, leading to Tanzania and the Congo, and Great East Road, linking the City with Malawi. It is a central point for air routes and is served by the most mbdem International Airport in Africa. The airport is 15 miles east of the City. This links the capital with other major cities of the world.

HISTORY

The past history of Lusaka is an interesting one; apparently, Lusaka is named after a Lenje tribesman, a reputed elephant hunter who lived in the nearby area where the city stands today. Its life as a town started tn 1905 when it was established as a railway siding.

Forty years ago Lusaka was a sleepy fanning town and was regarded as being unimportant but a mere small town sitting on a limestone plateau, making it subject to recurring floods and droughts. However, the natural assets possessed by the town reassured its growth. Lusaka’s assets then were merely its geographical position and it being a wealthy farming centre.

Today Lusaka is the Capital City where the Head of State resides. It is the seat of the Government, international organisations and headquarters of commercial and industrial establishments as well as a focal point of Zambia’s political, economic, cultural and international affairs.

CITY STATUS

Lusaka was in the past, pan of Cftilanga district and the administrative headquarters was then at Chilanga 11 miles from the city centre. In 1913, the Lusaka Management Board was appointed, and in 1929 Lusaka became a township. In that year it was proposed to move the capital from Livingstone to a site more central to the country as a whole. In 1931, the administrative headquarters at Chilanga was moved to Lusaka.

After considering various alternative sites for a capital town. Lusaka was chosen because it was assured of underground water supplies from the limestone. In May, 1935 the decision was made and Lusaka became the capital town of the then Northern Rhodesia. With the quick growth of the town, Lusaka became a Municipal Corporation on the 31st September. 1954. It attained City Status in September. I960.

Since then the capital has grown very rapidly; the area has been extended from 36 to 139 square miles and the population has risen from 150,000 to 260,000.

The principal feature of a city such as Lusaka is urbanism, with the accompanying bigness, complexity variety and vitality. Thus Lusaka today has become a Greater City even by exacting world standards.

ENTERTAINMENT

There are many places of interest in and around Lusaka. As night falls, hotels such as the Ridgeway, InterContinental, Copper Chalice and Woodpecker Inn hold dinner dances. Many clubs also operate in the City. These run various functions for the benefit of their members. Some of these clubs welcome visitors as well. A list of these clubs can be obtained from the Information Centre, in the City Library building.

TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

Among some places of interest in the City is a visit to the National Monument, a house formerly occupied by His Excellency, Dr. Kenneth D. Kaunda from January, 1960 to 1962. It is from this house that Dr. Kaunda directed the struggle for independence. For the benefit of visitors to Lusaka, the Zambia National Tourist Bureau organises a three-hour tour of the City. While on the coach-tour.visitors arc shown the coppcr-towcrcd National Assembly, the Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Gemstone Polishing Works and Lubunna Market.

The Bureau also undertakes a two-hour lour to Chilanga and the headquarters of the Game and Fisheries Department, where various animals may be seen. They include eland and the rare lech we. Visitors can also visit the exotic Munda Wanga Botanical Gardens, which is a local name meaning “my garden". Booking for these tours can be arranged through the Tourist Bureau, whose offices arc situated in Century House, just off Cairo Road, near O.K. Zambia.

Other places of interest are the Barn, on the Great East Road and Chongwe river. The latter spot is a good resort for picnicking and fishing — Kabulonga dam. which is about seven miles along Kabulonga road, may also be seen.

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Lusaka offers unrivalled opportunity for industrial investment and expansion. The phenomenal industrial development of the City is shown by the ever increasing number of building plans approved by the Lusaka City Council each month. An example of the rising value in building plans was in August. 1970 when Council approved plans valued al K4.75 million.

The rateable value has risen from K40.000.000 toK170.000.000. and the economy is booming. The figures support the view that Lusaka is the "fastest growing city in Africa".

Thus, many firms have taken advantage of Lusaka’s industrial boom and have established a variety ofindustries. The Lusaka City Council welcomes new indus trialists and offers industrial and commercial stands which arc fully serviced. These are normally granted on 99-year leases. Some heavy industrial sites have railway sidin' facilities. The purchase prices of these sites can be obtained by contacting the Estates office, L.C.C. at the Civic Centre offices.

In Lusaka, rates are levied on land and improvements. Charges for rates can be obtained from the City Treasurers Department, Civic Centre, Box 252, Lusaka.

ELECTRICITY TARIFF

Light Industrial

Applicable where the maximum demand is between 20-100 kilowatts. Maximum demand charge: K2.I0 per kilowatt registered over any consecutive period of 30 minutes in each month.

Unit charge: O.775n a unit. Minimum total charge per month is K60.00.

Heavy Industrial

Applicable where the maximum demand is over 100 kilowatts. Maximum demand charge: K1.85 per kilowatt registered over any consecutive period of 30 minutes. Unit charge: 0.7n per unit. Minimum monthly charge; K 175.00.

For further information on electricity tariff, contact the Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation Limited. Great East Road. Lusaka.

BANKING AND SHOPPING HOURS

Lusuku's banks are normally open from 8.15 a m to 12.45 p.m during the week except Wednesdays when they close at 12 noon, on Saturdays banks close at II a.m

Shopping hours arc fropi 8 am. in the morning until 12.30 p,m, and from 2 p.m, until 5 p.m„ but some shops remain open during the lunch hour.

Some shops, mainly the departmental stores, remain open until late in the evening particularly on 7'hursdays and Fridays. On Saturdays many shops dose at I p.m. If a holiday falls on a Monday, a number of shops remain open Saturdays until 6 p.m.

THE COMMERCIAL PROGRESS OF LUSAKA  SINCE INDEPENDENCE

Lusaka has advanced commercially in spite of many difficulties. The real founder of Lusaka, Professor Adshead, said of the city that "if it were not important that the site be a great city but only a Government centre, Lusaka offered all facilities'*. 7he reason for the choice of the site for Lusaka was that it should be more an administrative centre than a commercial one. This was because he thought that all the commerce that was needed was in the Copperbelt and that there hud to be a capital away from the mining areas. Lusaka might have originally been chosen for its healthy climate or the agricultural potential, but not for commercial reasons.

The progress of Lusaka in commerce since independ* ence has been brought about really by one mum factor population. At independence, and even in 1963 when. a* Northern Rhodesia, the country left the Federation, there had been no need for Lusaka to attract industry. The industry that existed was mostly situated in Southern Rhodesia. Those who wanted industrial employment went maybe to Ndda, Kit we or Salisbury but not to Lusaka When Federation was dissolved, it was not surprising that Lusaka found that, if it were to survive as a city, it had to take some of the share of the industry that had previously been placed to the South and the Copperbelt. Not only was this true, but the masses in Zambia from the agricultural areas found that there were insufficient, jobs in the Coppcrbclt to support them, and political events prevented them from turning to the south for employment. In 1964. therefore, Lusaka found that instead of being the quiet residential town that it had been before, with its only commerce being the retail trades in Cairo Road along the railway, it had a swelling rural population to cope with.

Lusaka has shown great ambition and initiative by transforming itself into a viable commercial centre when it was really never intended to be one. Its recent expansion from a population of 175.000 to one of 254.000 shows that commercial progress has meant that it is able to absorb an even greater influx or rural settlers. Its development into many of the agricultural areas around is proof that prolifle expansion can be expected in the future. Revenue from housing rents and water charges has almost exactly doubled since independence, while rateable values brought about by improvements in housing have trebled. These increased revenues have enabled the City Council to provide housing for the increasing number of people employed in commerce end industry. What this »»ow.i. that Lusaka can afford its housing requirements. which it would not have been able to do if it had not the foresight to develop into the important commercial and industrial centre it is turning into.

Yet probably the main problem in Lusaka is that its commercial and industrial progress has not been enough to provide enough jobs for everybody. At independence, the total commercial and industrial areas were, in all, about fourteen times less than the total number of housing areas. Now they are sixteen times less.

It is true to say that Lusaka has almost trebled its boundary because its commercial and industrial developments have expanded at such a satisfactory rate.

Prior to independence, too much industry was concentrated along the railway line, and this brought about intense over-crowding in township like Matero and Chibolya. Now this problem is being remedied by the gradual movement of commerce to development areas like Kabulonga. Lilanda and the Chamba Valley.

Capital expenditure on communications in the industrial sites is greater than on any other item. Also, industry is not the only service in commerce to take into account. There has already been considerable expansion in banking, such services as insurance and building societies. With regard to banking services, these have spread as far as Chelston, the International Airport and Longacres. The potential of the industrial site at Matero has already been realised and Barclays has now opened a branch there to cater for the needs of this area.

In the retail trades. State participation has been realised by the advent of such enterprises as Mwaiseni Stores. Z.C.B.C. and O.K. Bazaars, which all demonstrate in their total output that retailing has advanced considerably since the old pattern of small, privately-owned stores having the monopoly along Cairo Road. What is also important is that progress in commerce has meant that, whereas at independence housing and commercial expenditure roughly equalled each other, now five times more is spent on the latter than n the former. In the industrial site at Matero and its surrounds, all manner of industrial development is springing up: road service depots, electrical and mechanical engineering, metal fabricating, timber merchants, breweries, distilleries and bottling plants, textile factories, chemical plants, vehicle assembly and body-building, supplies for the building trade — the list is endless and doubtless in the years to come many more will be added to the list.

To co-ordinate the activities of the various industrial and commercial sections of the community. Lusaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry was established. It had its beginnings in 1933 and is now the largest Chamber of Commerce in the country, and has played a very important part in promoting commerce and industry in Lusaka.

The Chamber's offices are the first point of call for anyone contemplating investment in business in Lusaka and the Chamber's officers have been very actively engaged over the past six years in giving advice and information to prospective investors.

A major part of their activities is the provision of information on all matters of import to the local business community for the Government, the trade representatives of the various diplomatic missions and for visiting trade missions from other countries.

The President of the Chamber. Mr. B. J. Sharma, said: “We feel that all support should be given to the Government’s policy of encouraging development in the rural areas, and the time has now come when we should extend the area of the Chambers’s activities to include the smaller towns around Lusaka and provide for the rural businessman the same facilities as those which we can offer to commerce and industry in Lusaka itself”.

All this shows that Lusaka has advanced to a city as well as being the important administrative centre that Professor Adshead predicted it would be.

SHORT HISTORY OF LUSAKA

1905-Railway reaches present site of Lusaka from Victoria Falls.

1906

Siding Established and named after the headman of a nearby Soli Village – Lusaaka’s

Settlers start arriving, buying farms off the Northern Copper Company.

Catholic Mission at Kasisi established (Just North of present day Lusaka International Airport).

1908-Benjamin Glasser builds Lusaka’s first building – a store.

1908-First School Built and the First Mill – L.Kollenberg.

1912-Lusaka now home to a hotel, several stores, three maize mills, and a school adjacent to the Railway Station including Lusaka Trading Company Store.

Lusaka’s Social & Sports Club Formed.

1913-The British South Africa Company gazettes Lusaka as a local authority under a Village Management Board and the township site was surveyed.

Lusaka’s first auction for farms, cattle etc.

1914-Lusaka Volunteers leave for N. Border.

1917-11 days to travel from Salisbury (Harare) to Lusaka,First Motor Vehicle in Lusaka owned by Percy Morton.

1918-First Hospital built South of Villa Elizabetta.

Standard Bank opens its doors.

1920-First Aeroplane flew over Lusaka.

1921-Trees planted on Cairo Rd.

1922-Aylmer May Cemetery. (in Rhodes Park)

1924-Barclays Bank opens,More Tree Planting.

Cairo Road named.

1926-Lusaka Floods and Cairo Rd drainage ditch blasted.

1927-New 11 bed hospital opens,Tarry’s Opens.

1928-Market Built. Now known as Luburma.

1930-Lusaka gazetted a township,Two new hotels open – Grand and Imperial.

1931-New Boma built for Lusaka Administration.

1932-Aracan Barracks for N.Rhodesia Regiment built.

1933-First Post Office opens.

1934-State House, BSA Company offices (now Min. Foreign Affairs) and Lusaka Gymkhana Club.(Now Lusaka Club).

1935-Lusaka becomes capital of Northern Rhodesia.

State House first occupied,Dutch Reformed Church built.

1936-Lusaka City Airport where ZAF base is now is built.

1947-Lusaka Theatre Club formed.

1950-‘Black Easter’ No electricity from 7 – 12 April. Original Power Station breaks down.

1951-Agricultural and Commercial Society of Zambia has first show at the new showgrounds.

Construction starts on the Matero Housing Scheme.

1952-Hindu Hall completed.

1953-Lusaka Playhouse Theatre opens.

ANC starts boycott campaign.

1954-ANC starts Butchery Pickets,First Mayor Elected.

1954-Wood lands water tower is finished

1956-East Carriageway of Cairo Road is opened.

1957-Royal Visit – Queen Elizabeth & Queen Mother.

New Post Office, Railway Station and Police Station built.

Cathedral Stone laid.

1961-Opening of Charter Hall (now Nakatindi Hall).

1962-Anglican Cathedral of the Holy Cross completed.

1963-Ridgeway Hotel (now Southern Sun) opens.

Golden Jubilee as a local authority celebrated.

1964-Zambian Independence at midnight on October 24th, 1964 at Independence Stadium.

1966-In March the first students enrol at the University of Zambia.

1967-National Assembly Building opens.,Lusaka International Airport (now Kenneth Kaunda International) completed.

1970-Mulungushi Hall & Village opens for meeting of Non-Aligned Nations. Copper Tripod Monument erected replacing Physical Energy Statue in front of High Court.

Opening of water pipeline from Kafue River.

1973-Birth of the second Republic.

1974-Findeco House Completed.

1979-Commonwealth Summit Conference.

1980-26th Commonwealth Parliamentary Summit Conference

2013-Lusaka Celebrates 100 years

A short history of Zambia and it's people https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100064582997277

LUANSHYA DISTRICT

Nkhwazi Volume 12, April 1964

D. G. Layne

Luanshya, one of the oldest established mining communities in the Territory and certainly a Copperbelt town that is second to none in horticultural attraction, is remembered and appreciated by all police officers who have been fortunate enough to have served here.

Although at present time it has been left behind to some extent in comparison to developments in other parts of the Territory it contributes greatly to the  economy and has its moments of interest, excitement and tragedy. The expansion of the Roan Antelope Copper Mine involving construction of Irwin Shaft and a complete new African Township ten miles from Luanshya centre has required the construction of an additional police station controlled from a three-storey Headquaters building of the most modern and uo-to-date type and perfectly equipped. A far cry from the days when the peace and good order of the community depended upon a very small number of European and African police with little equipment and cleft stick communication. Even in the post-war days, after the police station had been established for over fifteen years the one vanette and two war-time masked headlight B.S.A. motor cycles were dependent on the short petrol supply and the expediency of the demand, for their use. Perhaps, hard to believe now, when comparing the size of other towns, but Luanshya in those days had the record of the second highest crime figures in the Territory and was one of the busiest stations.

Many officers throughout the Force and those who have retired have over the years played their part in improving the efficiency of the police force here and helped to reduce and control the unenviable statistics.

It is with consideration satisfaction that after experiencing early post-war participation in the station's activitites as a recruit I am now able to appreciate the progress and efficacy of the present staff as Commanding Officer.

MUFULIRA

Copperbelt town serving Mufulira Mine and ten miles from the Congo border.

MUFULIRA MINE DISASTER : A HISTORY OF ZAMBIA ( TAILINGS DAM)